DEFINITION OF COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
History of computer: physicist John Manchly, engineer J. Presper Eckert Jn. And their colleagues at the University of pennsylvarria designed the first programmable digital computer (ENIAC).
CLASSIFICATION
Computer has been classified based on types, purposes, size and generation.
• Based on types (Types of Computer)
1. Analog computer: This use continuous physical magnitudes to represent quantitative information.
2. Digital computers: In contrast to analog computers, digital computers represent information in discrete form, generally as sequences of 0s and 1s (binary digits, or bits).
3. Hybrid Computer
• Classification by purpose
Computer has been classified based on purpose which includes:
1.General purpose
2. Specific purpose.
• Classification by size
1. Mainframe computer: During the 1950s and ’60s, Unisys (maker of the UNIVAC computer), International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), and other companies made large, expensive computers of increasing power. They were used by major corporations and government research laboratories, typically as the sole computer in the organization.
2. Supercomputer: The most powerful computers of the day have typically been called supercomputers. They have historically been very expensive and their use limited to high-priority computations for government-sponsored research, such as nuclear simulations and weather modeling.
3. Minicomputer: Although minicomputers date to the early 1950s, the term was introduced in the mid-1960s. Relatively small and inexpensive, minicomputers were typically used in a single department of an organization and often dedicated to one task or shared by a small group.
4. Microcomputer: Is a small computer built around a microprocessor integrated circuit, or chip. Whereas the early minicomputers replaced vacuum tubes with discrete transistors, microcomputers (and later minicomputers as well) used microprocessors that integrated thousands or millions of transistors on a single chip.
• Classification by Generations or ages
1.First generation
2. Second generation
3. Third generation
4. Fourth generation
5. Fifth generation
6. Sixth generation.
Other types of computer:
Laptop computer
Netbook
Desktop computer
PCs
MACs.
CHARACTERISTICSstics OF COMPUTER
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Diligence
4. Reliability
5. Versatility
6. Storage Capacity
7. Multitask
8. Automatic
9. Quick decision
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
1. Hardware:
Is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor, system unit, keyboard, printer, mouse, mouse pad, scanner, speaker, disk floppy, drive CD- Rom, tower box, CPU, Microphone and web cameras.
2. Software:
Is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. This includes;
• System software: Examples of this software sre MS DOS, Windows, UNIX, LINUX,
• Application software: This include Desktop, publishing, word processing, spread sheet, programming language, etc.
• Utility softwares
•. Translation program.
3. Input devices:
Is another component of computer, e.g camera, mic, keyboard, mouse, etc.
4. Output devices:
Examples of this include; printer, video display unit, etc.
5. Main memory:
This include; RAM AND ROM
COMPUTER FILES
These include logical file, physical file, master file, references files, etc.
NETWORKING
Computer communication may occur through wires, optical fibres, or radio transmissions. Wired networks may use shielded coaxial cable, similar to the wire connecting a television to a videocassette recorder or an antenna. It is majorly divided into:
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
INTERNET
An electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world using email, browser, web, stream videos, etc.
Advantages of Internet
1. Work force productivity
2. Communication
3. Web publishing
4. Business
5. Advertisment
6. Teaching and Learning
COMMUNICATION
The process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.
It has the following methods:
Stimulus sender (encoding) => Message => Channel => Receiver => Feedback.
E-COMMERCE
Is an Electronic Commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions.
Categories of E-commerce
1. Markets
2. Electronic Data Intercharge
3. Internet commerce.
Advantages of E-commerce
1. Advertisment
2. Purchasing
3. Sales
Business models of E – commerce
1. Business to consumer (B2c)
2. Business to Business (B2B)
3. Consumer to Business (C2B)
4. Consumer to consumer (C2C).
E-GOVERNANCE
Is an electronic act or process of governing or overseeing the control and direction of something (such as a country or an organization).
Models of E-Governance
1. Business to Government (B2G)
2. Government to Business (G2B)
3. Government to citizen (B2C).
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